Cookies on this website

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click 'Accept all cookies' we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you won't see this message again. If you click 'Reject all non-essential cookies' only necessary cookies providing core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility will be enabled. Click 'Find out more' for information on how to change your cookie settings.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported that the associations between dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may depend on the quality, rather than the quantity, of carbohydrates consumed. This study aimed to assess the associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and CVD incidence. A secondary aim was to examine the associations of carbohydrate intakes with triglycerides within lipoprotein subclasses. METHODS: A total of 110,497 UK Biobank participants with ≥ two (maximum five) 24-h dietary assessments who were free from CVD and diabetes at baseline were included. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate risks of incident total CVD (4188 cases), ischaemic heart disease (IHD; 3138) and stroke (1124) by carbohydrate intakes over a median follow-up time of 9.4 years, and the effect of modelled dietary substitutions. The associations of carbohydrate intakes with plasma triglycerides within lipoprotein subclasses as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were examined in 26,095 participants with baseline NMR spectroscopy measurements. RESULTS: Total carbohydrate intake was not associated with CVD outcomes. Free sugar intake was positively associated with total CVD (HR; 95% CI per 5% of energy, 1.07;1.03-1.10), IHD (1.06;1.02-1.10), and stroke (1.10;1.04-1.17). Fibre intake was inversely associated with total CVD (HR; 95% CI per 5 g/d, 0.96;0.93-0.99). Modelled isoenergetic substitution of 5% of energy from refined grain starch with wholegrain starch was inversely associated with total CVD (0.94;0.91-0.98) and IHD (0.94;0.90-0.98), and substitution of free sugars with non-free sugars was inversely associated with total CVD (0.95;0.92-0.98) and stroke (0.91;0.86-0.97). Free sugar intake was positively associated with triglycerides within all lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS: Higher free sugar intake was associated with higher CVD incidence and higher triglyceride concentrations within all lipoproteins. Higher fibre intake and replacement of refined grain starch and free sugars with wholegrain starch and non-free sugars, respectively, may be protective for incident CVD.

Original publication

DOI

10.1186/s12916-022-02712-7

Type

Journal article

Journal

BMC Med

Publication Date

14/02/2023

Volume

21

Keywords

Carbohydrates, Coronary heart disease, Nutritional epidemiology, Primary prevention, Stroke, Humans, Dietary Carbohydrates, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Prospective Studies, Biological Specimen Banks, Diet, Myocardial Ischemia, Triglycerides, Edible Grain, Starch, Stroke, United Kingdom